Why ancient Romans like Cicero saw gladiators as enemies of the republic

Neither “Gladiator” nor its cinematic sequel is particularly concerned with historical fact. For one thing, the emperor Marcus Aurelius had no intention of restoring the republic. Gladiatorial contests were abhorrent displays of cruelty, but they didn’t always end in death. And the Romans didn’t sculpt bone-white statues; they painted them using an array of colors. But I’m most interested in how the two films misrepresent the way Roman gladiators and their bodies were viewed by their...