Most job postings request that you include a resume and cover letter with your application; some may require a curriculum vitae, or a CV, instead. When you need to decide between a resume and CV, it's helpful to understand the differences between the two.
The primary difference between a resume and CV is length. A resume is short and concise. In fact, most guidelines advise that your resume be no more than one page in length. In general, employers use the resume to cull the pool of job candidates; during the initial qualification process, a reviewer often spends less than ten seconds on each document. A CV is usually considerably longer than a resume. Although there is no specific length requirement for a CV, it is generally two or more pages long.
The different resume and CV lengths are due to the content and organization of each document. A resume contains an overview of your experience as it pertains to the open position. According to NICHD Connection, a resume is primarily a marketing tool; to that end, university career centers and employment agencies often advise jobseekers to tailor their resumes to each company, highlighting the experience that is most relevant to the open job. Most resumes include sections for work experience, education, skills, and a professional profile. Depending on your industry and training, you may also include sections for professional affiliations, awards, or volunteer experience.
A CV is also a constantly evolving document, but in a different way to a resume. The CV is a more detailed overview of your educational, professional, and personal accomplishments. Unlike a resume, the CV is not usually edited for each position. In addition to the sections on a resume, the CV often includes listings for interest areas, grants, publications, presentations, scholarly memberships, and references. Each section is arranged chronologically; when you complete a new project, you simply add it to the list. As you progress in your career, your CV will grow longer.
The choice between a resume and CV may also depend on location. In general, most jobs in the United States require a resume and cover letter from each applicant. American academic positions are an exception; most require a CV, which provides more detailed information about your background. In the United Kingdom and Europe, the CV is a more common format. In fact, some countries do not use resumes at all. If you are applying to jobs in Australia, South Africa, and India, both a resume and CV may be acceptable. Most job applications will specify which document they prefer.
For most American jobseekers, a resume is the only necessary document for a job search. If you are applying for academic positions or international jobs, however, it is helpful to have both a resume and CV on hand to make the application process easier.
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